最新英语专业八级考试听力预热练习题
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SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You willhear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, takenotes on the important points. Your notes will not bemarked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture isover, you'll be given two minutes to check yournotes, and another 10 minutes to complete thegap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture.
Good morning. We'll continue with our introduction of American minorities. Today's focus is onChinese Americans. For many years it was common in the United States to associate ChineseAmericans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had beendriven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that used to face them inthis country. The first group of Chinese came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Likemost of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupiedland, they stated a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However, eitherbecause the Chinese were so different from the others or because they so patiently that theysometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one,they became the scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways.Often they were prevented working on their claims; some localities even passed regulationsforbidding them to own claims. Therefore, these Chinese had to seek out other ways ofearning a living. Some of them began to do the laundry for the white miners; others set upsmall restaurants. There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinesefilled a real need by doing this “woman's work”. Some others went to work as farmhands or asfishermen. In the early 1860's, a second group of Chinese arrived in California. This time, theywere imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad. The work was sostrenuous and dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country, that therailroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors,these Chinese were almost all males and they encountered a great deal of prejudice. Thehostility grew especially strong after the railroad project was completed, and the importedlaborers returned to California, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them thistime, these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so differentin every aspect: in their physical appearance, in their language, and in their religion. They werecontemptuously called “heathen Chinese”. When times were hard, they were blamed for workingfor lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. And these white men were actuallyrecent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in many cities. Some evendeveloped into arson and bloodshed. The Chinese were not allowed to make legal appeals andthey were not accepted as American citizens. Californians began to demand that no moreChinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally, in 1882, the Congress passed the ChineseExclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese returned totheir homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. However,during World War Two, when China was an ally of the United States, the Exclusion laws wereended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese couldbecome American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of our immigration laws, many moreChinese were permitted to settle here. From the start, the Chinese had lived apart in their ownseparate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns'. In each of them theresidents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settledisputes. Many people couldn't find jobs on the outside, and they went into business forthemselves, primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants, someof them soon spread to other parts of the city, since such services continued to be in demandamong non-Chinese, too. To this day, certain Chinatowns, especially those of San Franciscoand New York, are very busy, thriving communities. They have become great attractions fortourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food. Most of today's Chinese Americans are thedescendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had beenuneducated farm laborers in the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China before they came toAmerica.Even after having lived here for several generations, Chinese Americans retain manyaspects of their ancient culture. For example, their family ties continue to be remarkably strong.Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary.From a very young age children are taught with the old values and attitudes, including respectfor their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is solittle juvenile delinquency among them. The high regard for education, and the willingness towork very hard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. Thisexplains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becomingdoctors, lawyers, and other professionals. By the way, many of the most outstanding ChineseAmerican scholars, scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals. They come from China'sformer upper class and they represent its high cultural traditions. Chinese Americans make uponly a tiny fraction of the American population. They live chiefly in California, New York, andHawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnic differences have changed inrecent years, the long-hated Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generallyadmired for many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worthfollowing. And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.Now, we are coming to the end of our lecture. Our focus for next week will be on AfricanAmericans. Thank you for your attention.
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Section B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview.At the end of the interview, you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions.Now listen to the interview.
Interviewer (W): Well, Mr. Fox. Would you pleasedescribe your feelings towards criminals?
Superintendent(M): It is true to say there arecriminals, certain types of criminals who policemenhave...er...I have to be very careful with what I say.
W: Umm.
M: You see, I know a...a person who has been caught so many times that he's...he becomespart and parcel of the station.
W: Umm. He's been brought in all the time.
M: He's always in and he's a cheerful sort of character. And it's his way of life. And this sort ofpeople of course...are people that you...well, I say, have an affinity with, that's not the rightword to use, but you have a closeness with, you know.
W: They are part of your work, aren't they?
M: You know, Old Sam is always in. And you can always guarantee that Old Sam is always in.And you can always guarantee that Old Fred will do something stupid about a week beforeChristmas so that he can spend Christmas in a certain prison.
W: Which he likes.
M: Which he likes because he has a good Christmas. Then, of course, you go to the other endof the scale where you have a hard-core minority who are the professional criminals. And ofcourse, one has no sympathy for them.
W: British policemen are not armed, that is they do not carry guns. How do policemen feelabout this?
M: I don't think the average policeman really thinks about it, you know. I honestly think he doesnot think about it at all. I am sure he did, he would probably be a worried man.
W: Umm.
M: The reason I say that is this, that the average policemen in this country feels that theaverage Englishman or Britisher is such a person that the use of arms and that sort of thing isforeign to his nature.
W: Um, he just wouldn't think of using a pistol or something.
M: Of course, it is true to say that there are certain elements in the world whoare...er...resorting to firearms.
W: The organized professional criminals?
M: The organized professional criminals, this sort of people. Well, of course, one takes one'schances which you don't think about, you know?
W: But your impression is that England is not a violent society.
M: Well, I don't think we are a violent people. You see, I think as a nation, if I can put it thatway, we are...er...we love compromise, you know?
W: Umm.
M: Everything we do is a compromise and I think in that...er... because of that I think probablywe are not so violent.
W: Have you faced a man with a weapon for instance?
M: I haven't faced a man with a weapon. I have had an occasion where I had a man hehas...er...locked himself into a house and he wouldn't come out and he was threatening peoplewith all sorts of things.
W: What did you do in that particular case?
M: Well, you just go and sit down and have a chat with him. You talk to him. You start talkingoutside the building and you walk in and you eventually get to the bottom of the stairs andyou talk and talk and you try to build up some understanding or some common point, somecommon denominator between you.
W: Understanding?
M: Understanding...once you do that then you have this...
W: You mean you have to get his trust first?
M: I think so.
W: This is what you did on this particular occasion?
M: Yes, and I hope this doesn't sound pompous?
W: No.
M: And this is it and of course, everything works out quite well. You have got to be patient.
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Section C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions thatfollow. Questions 6 to 7 are based on the followingnews. At the end of the news item, you will be given10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.
This month Reader's Digest is publishing its 1,000thissue. The magazine boasts a mammoth circulationof 41 million worldwide, reaching 48 countries and ispublishing in 19 languages. Recently, it held a galaparty in New York City with a futuristic theme. The robot greeting partygoers to Reader'sDigest's celebration of the publication of its 1,000th issue is not really high tech, just an actorhiding behind a wall with a microphone. And some of the futuristic trends showcased at thisparty don't seem all that new. The car of the future is no ingenious hybrid running oninnovative fuel, it is a gas-guzzling Mercedes SUV and some of the furniture in the home of thefuture has a distinctly 1960s look. Reader's Digest?founders Dewitt Wallace and his wife Lilalaunched the magazine in 1922 with a mission: to help new immigrants learn how to becomeAmerican citizens. They reprinted condensed articles from around the country. Articles thatheralded the individual's triumph over adversity, but in as few words as possible. ProfessorDon Ranly, head of the magazine department at the University of Missouri's School ofJournalism, says brevity was Mr. Wallace's genius. Question 8 is based on the following news.At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen tothe news. The European Union is not on its knees, said Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister ofLuxembourg and President of the European Council at the recent summit in Washington. Yet,several days earlier, Mr. Juncker declared in Brussels the Continent is in a state of deep crisisover the failure of European leaders to agree on the Union's budget. Failure to find commoneconomic ground came just weeks after voters in France and the Netherlands dealt, what someobservers call, a lethal blow to the Union's proposed new constitution. And they say the firstcasualty of Europe's latest crisis is EU's further expansion. Questions 9 and 10 are based onthe following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each ofthe two questions. Now listen to the news. India's textile exports to Western countries havesurged following the abolition of global quotas earlier this year. The old quotas limited theamount of textiles any country could export to another. India's textile and garment exports toEurope between January and May rose by 11 percent compared with the same period last year,and to the United States by more than 20 percent. However, India has only a four percentshare in the global textile and garment market -- far behind China. Indian exporters say someWestern retailers have begun increasing purchases from India partially to offset any futureappreciation of the Chinese yuan, which Beijing allowed to rise by two percent recently. Butexporters such as Mr. Hinduja warn that the Indian industry must introduce economies of scaleand better technology to remain competitive. Officials estimate that India's exports will risenearly four times, to $50 billion by 2010, up from $13.5 billion last year.